场景:Martin读了斯宾塞的《第一原理》之后的思考
He had merely skimmed over the surface of things,observing detached phenomena,accumulating fragments of facts,making superficial little generalizations—and all and everything quite unrelated in a capricious and disorderly world of whim and chance.
过去他仅仅涉猎事物的表象,观察孤立的现象,积累零碎的事实,引出肤浅的结论,认为这个世界变幻无常和杂乱无章,充满了偶然及巧合,而世上的所有事物都互不相关。
分析：黑色字体部分为方式状语从句,强调了”涉猎”这个动作的方式,这里主要考虑破折号的作用,如果and的前面没有这个破折号,而是逗号,那么这句话也是正确的,只不过就是很普通的叙述语气,那么，破折号在这里的作用肯定是对语气的一种强调.
场景：Martin沉醉在知识的海洋里无法自拔
At night,asleep,he lived with the gods in colossal nightmare;and awake,in the day,he went around like a somnambulist,with absent stare,gazing upon the world he had just discovered.
夜里睡着的时候,他在噩梦中与鬼神相处;白天醒来后,他则像个梦游症患者,到处走动,以恍惚的目光看这个他刚刚发现的世界.
分析:主要是省略的使用,比如asleep，完整的句子应该是when he was asleep，这里省略了引导词when,主语he,be动词was;后面的awake也是同样的道理,黑色字体则是两个状语从句,一句表示他是怎样”像”一个梦游症患者的—gazing upon the world，而with引导的状语从句又是表示他是怎么gaze upon the world的，放在主句的前面是为了表示强调.
场景:Martin在理解世界时的困惑
That,in the fabric of knowledge,there should be any any connection whatever between a women with hysterics and a schooner carrying a weather-helm or heaving to in a gale,would have struck him as ridiculous and impossible.
All things were related to all other things from the farthermost star in the wastes of space to the myriads of atoms in the grain of sand under one’s foot.
从知识的角度讲，如果说一个歇斯底里的女人和一条随风转舵，或在暴风中顶风停泊的帆船有联系，不管是怎样的联系，都会让他觉得可笑和荒唐。
所有的事物之间都存在联系。从广漠太空中最遥远的星辰到脚下沙粒中无数的原子，莫不如此。
分析：黑色字体部分为形容词从句的简写
场景：Martin尝试着寻找万物之间的联系
Thus,he unified the universe and held it up and looked at it,or wandered through its byways and alleys and jungles,not as a terrified traveller in the thick of mysteries seeking an unkonwn goal,but observing and charting and becoming familiar with all there was to know.
这样，他把宇宙汇合成一个整体拿在手中查看，或者漫游与宇宙间的僻径、小道和丛林里，这次可不是一个胆战心惊的旅人，在神秘的气氛中探寻不知底细的目标，而是观察和绘图，熟悉一切可以了解的事物。
分析:not as 引导的状语从句修饰”漫游”这个动作，即“像胆战心惊的旅人在神秘的气氛中”,而后面的seeking等是形容词从句的简写，完整的应该是who was seeking。。。
场景:Martin在听到他人辩论时自己内心的想法
He likened himself to a poet,wrecked on the shores of a strange land,filled with power of beauty,stumbling and stammering and vainly trying to sing in the rough,barbaric tongue of his brethren in the new land.
他把自己比作一个因船只失事儿流落异国他乡的诗人，心里涌动着美的力量，试图用异国兄弟那粗鲁、野蛮的语言歌颂美，然而却结结巴巴说不出话来。
分析：都是形容词从句的简写，前面的是被动的who was wrecked。。。后面的是主动态–who was stumbling。。。
