不定式片语

概述

不定词和语气助动词有许多共同点,所有的语气助动词都可以改写为不定词,如下:

  • must —> have to
  • should —> ought to
  • will/would —> be going/be willing to
  • can/would —> be able to
  • may/might —> be likely to/be allowed to

简单的不定词片语和复杂的简化字句

I want to go

to go 可以理解为want的受词,作名词

His girlfriend asked him to buy her a diamond ring as soon as possible.

His girlfriend asked that he should buy her a diamond ring as soon as possible.

对于这种复杂的不定式片语,可以将其看做子句简化,整个不定式片作为补语,修饰him

将语气助动词改为不定式之后,产生出的不定式片语可做名词,形容词,副词使用。

名词片语

不定式片语当做名词片语,可以作为主词,受词,名词补语等等

To be accurate is very important.

The manager decided to carry out the plan.

The best strategy is to stay put.

形容词片语

Tonight I have something imortant work to do.

Jane wanted her boyfriend to leave her alone.

副词片语

The agent called the movie start to tell her about the new movie.

个人理解:这里的句型结构和上一句很相似,但是这里的不定式做副词,而上面的不定式做形容词修饰宾语,这很让人纳闷,我觉得这是动词决定的,假如动词是like,want,hate之类的抽象动词,那么后面跟的不定式多半是修饰宾语的,因为这类动词一般和because这类连接词一起使用,而如果动词是call,work,beat等具体的动词,那么后面的不定式多半是修饰该动词的,表示动作的目的,使得句子的意思更加完整。

The boy is old enough to look after himself now.

###不定式片语与动名词的比较

在及物动词的受词后面,究竟是使用动名词还是不定式,一直是个棘手的问题,处理这类问题,关键在于记住不定式与动名词的特性,然后,具体问题具体分析。

不定式与动名词皆可

The man began playing(to play) brige.

如果用动名词playing bridge,是把打桥牌当做[一件事情]看待,而用不定式to play bridge,相当于[要去]做某事,类似于be going to的语气。

类似的还有I like traveling,I like icecream等,是一种客观的描述。

只能用不定式

有些动词后面,如果要用动状词当受词的话只能用不定式,不能用动名词。例如:

I would like to take the afternoon off.

重点在would like表示的是[想要],将要做什么事情。

只能用动名词

The speaker finished talking at last.

重点在talking这件事已经完成了,talking此时代表一件持续的事情。

不定式与动名词皆可,但意思不同

像remember、forget这些及物动词后面,接不定式和动名词皆可,但是意思不同。

Please remember to bring this book to class next week.

根据句意理解,bring this book还没有发生,是将要发生的事情。

I remember bringing a friend to your party last week。

bring a friend这件事情已经发生了。

表示不定式的to与介系词to的区别

为了从根本上区别两者的区别,必须回到原点,不定式的to来自于某一个语气助动词,带有不确定的语气,后面接原形动词;介系词to类似toward,表示[对、向],后面接名词(包括动名词)。

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