关系子句简化子句分析

概述

关系子句简化之后，剩下的就是原来主语的补语部分，可以分成现在分词片语、过去分词片语、形容词、名词等几种情况。

如果关系子句的动词片语中有语气助动词存在，则会简化成不定词片语。

简化为分词

若动词是普通动词，则需要加上-ing进行词类变化，变成现在分词。

现在分词

The man who wants to see you is waiting ourside.

The man wanting to see you is waiting ourside

My Encyclopedia,which is lying on the bookshelf and gathering dust,has seldom been used.

My Encyclopedia,lying on the bookshelf and gathering dust,has seldom been used.

完成式

Anyone that has visited Bali once will want to return.

Anyone having visited Bali once will want to return.

过去分词

Grapes that are grown in the Champagne area make the best wines.

Grapes grown in the Champagne area make the best wines.

Microsoft,which is accused of monopolizing the OS market,will have to change its business practice.

Microsoft,accused of monopolizing the OS market,will have to change its business practice.

完成式

A student who has been trained at this school is guaranteed to excel in any exam.

A student having been trained at this school is guaranteed to excel in any exam.

因为过去分词trained本身就带有完成的暗示，所以可改成

A student trained at this school is guaranteed to excel in any exam.

简化为形容词

S+V+C句型，补语为形容词，那么简化be动词之后，剩下的就是单纯的形容词补语

A chimpanzee is an animal that is capable of reason.

A chimpanzee is an animal capable of reason.

The boy,who is usually tall and heavy for his age,wants to be a sumo wrestler.

The boy,usually tall and heavy for his age,wants to be a sumo wrestler

简化为名词

此所谓同位格

The Great Wall of China,which is the largest man-made structure on earth.

The Great Wall of China,the largest man-made structure on earth.

简化为不定式

在之前的例子中，关系代名词都是关系子句的主语，在你简化时将其省略掉即可。

简化为不定式的先决条件：动词片语必须包含语气助动词

This is not the right thing which you should do.

This is not the right thing to do.

在上面的例子中，先行词thing是do的受词，我们将从句中的主语you省略后句子的意思仍然是清楚的。

同理如下

If you want a load,our manager is the person whom you should see.

If you want a load,our manager is the person to see.

地点

If you like Cantonese food,I know just the place where you can go.

If you like Cantonese food,I know just the place to go.

时间

This is no time when you should be fooling around.

This is no time to be fooling around.

方式

I’ll show you the way how you can start this machine.

I’ll show you the way to start this machine.

不定式片语的语态

There’s still one more person to notify.

There’s still one more person to be notified.

There’s still one more person whom we must notify.

There’s still one more person whom must be notified.

那么，主动被动究竟该如何选择？

• 连贯性原则

尽量让句子的主语相同

When John stepped into his office,the boss was seen waiting there by him.

When John stepped into his office,he saw the boss waiting there.

Stepping into his office,John saw the boss waiting there.

主动

I must stay at the office because I have some people to notify.

还原后

I must stay at the office because I have some people whom I must notify.

被动

The news can’t be released yet because there are some people to be notified first.

还原后

The news can’t be released yet because there are some people who must be notified first.

不定式的主语如何处理

当关系子句简化为不定式时，他的主语不一定是关系代名词，所以也不一定要和主要子句重复。如果这个主语不重复，也不是笼统的字眼，属于需要交代之列，那么当关系子句简化为不定式时，子句的主语一般是安插在介系词for后面的位置来处理。

I’m looking for a motorcycle that my wife can ride.

I’m looking for a motorcycle for my wife to ride.